Golden Food

All golden foods restore 6 hunger () and 3 saturation.
Golden Steak
Golden Chicken
Golden Potato
Golden Mutton
Golden Porkchop
Golden Rabbit
Golden Beetroot -- can be crafted into Yellow Dye
Golden Bread
Golden Cod
Golden Salmon
Golden Fish -- crafted with Tropical Fish
Golden Cookie
Golden Pie -- crafted with Pumpkin Pie
Melted Gold Soup -- craftable with any food in a bowl - Mushroom Stew, Beetroot Soup, Rabbit Stew, Suspicious Stew, or Rotten Flesh Bowl.
Gold In A Bottle -- is always drinkable, and will make you Choke. Craftable with anything in a bottle, as in, any bottle with something inside. Part of the Sip of Chaos advancement.
Golden Crystalized Honey
Golden Banana

These usually cause negative effects when consumed. When golden, they become much worse.
Golden Spider Eye
Golden Rotten Flesh
Golden Pufferfish -- Can be brewed into Potion of Luminescence. It can also craft into Golden Three Dimensional Pufferfish, which then brews into Potion of Nausea.

When eating any of these, for 13 seconds you receive:

Golden Dried Kelp -- is edible twice as fast as all the other golden foods, but only gives half the hunger and saturation (3 and 1.5).
Golden Fermented Spider Eye -- This isn't edible. Instead, it can be brewed with any potion to un-brew the potion. (turns any potion into an Awkward Potion... including Water Bottles and other Awkward Potions).
Sweet Berries turn into Glow Berries when goldified.

Golden Butter Stick -- behaves like a Butter Stick, but also gives 2 hunger () and 0.6 saturation. Can also be used as a replacement for Butter Sticks to craft the Hyper Compressed Butter Clump, and is one of two recipes for Golden Brown Butterstone.

They are all crafted in the same way: 1 food item in the middle surrounded by 8 Gold Nuggets.
Raw foods must be cooked before being goldified.

Alternate recipes: